Notes on Micheal angelo and Medici

• 1501
• Michael angelo sculpted a 13 foot marble block. He worked very hard and his life was all about art. It took him three years to finish the block
• He started to draw away from the Medici.
• When Florence came away from the Medici the Medici fled Florence while Michelangelo stayed. The cousin Medici, Giovanni and Guliano were trying to make it big in the church but they could not without Florence, where they could not return. They went throughout Italy trying to get the help of friends.
• When Michelangelo was finished his sculpture it was unveiled to Florence, it was first meant to go onto the Cathedral but they put it front of the town hall. The sculpture it was David but when placed in front of the government building it became a symbol of the city. He was upset that the Medici did not help Florence in the way he wanted.
• One of Michelangelo's competitors was da Vinci who even went to such great lengths as dissecting human bodies.
• Niccolo Machievelli had to protect Florence from the Medici and he formed an army against them. The Medici ended up gaining control of the city but the people still did not like them. Giovanni was a cardinal and when the pope died he became Pope Leo the tenth. When Giovanni became Pope, Florence forgot everything and took the Medici in with open hands and appointed Gulianno archbishop and eventually cardinal.
• Michelangelo was already commisioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by the late pope and he thought he would fail.
• Michelangelo worked with Fresco which was very hard to work with because it had to be painted on quickly. The Medici who were now in charge offered Michelangelo to bring tombs for their fathers. Machievelli was eventually exiled from Florence. Machievelli wrote a book called the Prince and it seperated politics from thinking he believed he would be able to get on the good side of the Medici and it failed.
• 1516, some cardinals conspired to assassinate the pope he had been warned previously and had them killed after a failed attempt. The Medici ended up being more careful about who they let in power.
• Pope Leo eventually owed a lot of money and his cousin was pawning away the pope's jewel. Pope Leo started to sell papers that said if a person had done wrong they had the Church on their side. These were called indulgences. Martin Luther became angry at the church for this. He wrote a "manifesto" for change and had many versions of it printed and circulated. Luther was trying to reform the Church but things lost control. Pope Leo saw this and condemned Luther to hell. Luther started the protestant reformation and the Church split in two. When Leo the tenth died his cousin Julio had to deal with the problem of protestant reform and he became Pope. The protestant reformation brought fighting into Rome. The Pope fled to Florenc but the rioters found out already and sacked Florence including break the David that michelangelo had created. Michelangelo hid in a church.
• Catherine de Medici was in line if Clement died. She was 7 years old and the people threatened to throw her into a soldier's brothel and he called of his troops so they could rescue her. Catherine was married of at 14 to the son of the French King. The religious wars soon affected France because of her. Pope Clement was eventually on his dying bed and he asked Michelangelo to make a fresco for him. Michelangelo painted the last judgement. He died in 1534 ending the corrupt reign of Medici popes.

Is Monarchy more or less effective than democracy?

When a person thinks of a Monarchy they think of Kings and Queens and such. Today the most famous Monarchy is the Monarchy in England. What most people do not know is that the Queen of England does not do much to do with legislature and is more of a figure to unite the nation. Look back at Monarchy of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages, when Monarchs had real power. Monarchs were very effective when it came to getting what they wanted for their country. Democracy is the type of government in the United States, it is also effective but it takes longer when it comes to legislature because more people have to be pleased. Monarchy is more effective when it comes to making changes because it does not go through series of process where there are a lot of people that have to deem something good or not.
The American government has a system called a democracy. A democracy is government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.(Dictionary.com) Having a law past in America can go from a couple of months, to a couple of years because of all the people that have to agree to getting the law passed. The government is comprised of the system called checks and balances so that no one has to much power. Checks and balances are limits imposed on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that fall within its purview (Dictionary.com). The American government is effective but not as effective as absolute monarchy.
A Monarchy is a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch (Dictionary.com) So basically the person who is the monarch has supreme power and is considered "sovereign". There are two types of monarchy, absolute monarchy and limited monarchy. Absolute monarchy is a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution (Dictionary.com). Limited Monarchy is a monarchy that is limited by laws of a constitution (Dictionary.com). The Monarchy that the Tudor Dynasty belonged to was an absolute monarchy and England was ruled with monarchies such as these until after parliament took a change around the time of Edward VI. The most famous Monarchy today is the Monarchy in England. The monarchy that England has today is a limited monarchy. Today's English Monarchy is more of a promotion of National Unity. They are more for show because they mostly go to events and carry out important deeds and charity. The monarchs of England today are called constitutional monarchs. When the constitution of England was formed around 1688 the monarchs lost a bit more of power. Walter Bagehot was a wealthy englishman who wrote about the English Constituion. He wrote about the English Monarchy and said that the "Sovereign" have three rights which are: "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, the right to warn" (History and Background).
Laws in older England, when Monarchs had more power, did not take very long to get passed. The more trouble was making sure everyone in the country new the law. A good example of this is the reign of the Tudor monarchs. In a true monarchy, the king or queen rules everything and has a set of advisors. Laws can be made very quickly and only needed the yes or no of the monarch. One of the main problems with the monarchy of the Tudor times is that the power would sometime go to their heads and they would ignore the plight of their people. Such as Queen Mary who turned the Protestant England back to Roman Catholicism and persecuted Protestants in England. In her persecutions about 800 wealthy protestants exiled themselves from England, and 284 were executed. One of the main problems with absolute monarchy is that when monarchs change there is a possibility of having a very different monarch, which is what happened with the Tudors. Henry VIII was for England being Protestant, as was his son. Then Mary changed England to being under Rome's rule but when Elizabeth changed England back to being Protestant. Monarchs are very quick when it comes to changing things they do not like where as in a democracy it would take a longer time to get change.
There is a large difference between what is more effective and what is better. Democracy is better because the people of a country have more input into what happens with their rights and laws. The chance of an uprising occurring in a democratic government is not as high as an uprising happening in a Monarch ruled government.
Monarchy is more effective than government because there is not such as hassle for legislation like there is in a democracy. Although a democracy is all around better than a monarchy Monarchs have more effect.

citation: "The Act of Supremacy." Then Again. . . Web. 15 May 2010. http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/ActSupremacy.html

"BBC - History - British History in Depth: Wales under the Tudors." BBC - Homepage. Web. 15 May 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml

Courage, Despite Her. "Mary I of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 15 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England#Persecutions

Elizabeth_I_of_England. Digital image. Commons.wikimedia.org. Web. 14 May 2010. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Elizabeth_I_of_England_-_coronation_portrait.jpg

"Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity (1559)." History Department, Hanover College. Web. 15 May 2010. http://history.hanover.edu/texts/engref/er80.html

"History of the Monarchy." The Official Site of the British Monarchy. British Monarchy. Web. 14 May 2010. .

"Monarchy of the United Kingdom." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 15 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_monarchy#Constituional_role

"Parliament of England." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 15 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England

"Tudor Dynasty." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 14 May 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_Dynasty#Tudor_monarchs_of_England

Martin Luther video

• The Church was in charge and could sometimes be corrupt and act like tyrants
• Martin Luther grew up in Northern Germany as a child he worked in the church which he found as an escape from his home. His parents beat him and his father wanted him to be a lawyer but they were lower than that on the chain.
• Luther went to the best schools and enrolled at the university of Erfert.
• In 1505 the plague hit Erfert and three of his friends died of it. He began to greatly fear and revere God. One night he was stuck outside in a storm and almost died and he took a vow to become a monk.
• He became a monk and the monastery which he lived in was quite nice because it was very business like. The Church got taxes from the people who gave them this willingly for fear of being cut off from God. This eventually drew Luther away. The Monks would go threw a lot of self mutilation like whipping and even Luther slept out in the snow until he was pulled inside.
• Luther eventually went on a pilgrimage to the Holy City if Rome, when the Renaisance was reaching its peak. When the shine wore off Luther noticed the Church was more about money. He began to notice that the priests were only good business men and did not care at all about God.
• Luther started to question the teachings of the Church. Luther began to confess many times over because everytime he confessed his inner conscience would tell him how not sorry he really was.
• He ended up going to work with another monk who made him work with the spiritually uncertain
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The Links between politics and religion in the face off between England and Spain culminating in the invasion of the Spanish Armada

In 1588 King Phillip used his Spanish Armada to invade and take over England. Spain was much stronger and wealthier than the smaller weaker England so in most cases he would have won. England's cunning is what drove the Spanish Armada to defeat. But why did King Phillip want to invade England when they had done nothing to him? In fact England had been attacking the ships that were going to Span from the Americas but it was not just that. King Phillip had previously been married to Queen Mary who had the Catholic Reformation in England, when she died Queen Elizabeth 1 took the crown and started the Protestant Reformation that her father had started. King Phillip was angered by this because he was for Catholicism and felt England should be the way his late wife left it. While married to her he wanted her to give birth so that when she died England would be Catholic. Before dying Mary made Elizabeth promise that she would keep England close with Rome and she would have to promise if she wanted to be next in line. Elizabeth broke her promise and this is another thing that sparked King Phillip's anger towards England. Elizabeth's Act of Supremacy in 1559 started England on the way away from Rome. "An acte restoring to the crown the ancient jurisdiction over the state ecclesiastical and spritual and abolishing all foreign power repugnant to the same" Is the phrase that starts The Act. Another event in 1559 was that Phillip offered to marry Elizabeth and she refused this was a poltical blow.

citation: "BBC - History - British History in Depth: The Spanish Armada." BBC - Homepage. Web. 13 May 2010. .

"Elizabeth I - Act of Supremacy, 1559." The Gunpowder Plot Society. Web. 13 May 2010. .

Schools History. Web. 13 May 2010. .

"The Spanish Armada." UK Travel and Heritage - Britain Express UK Travel Guide. Web. 13 May 2010. .

Did da Vinci deserve the title of a genius?

Leonardo da Vinci holds the title as one of the four titans of art. He is considered a genius and his art rivals that even of today. Many believe it and it is pretty much true. Giorgio Vasari wrote Leonardo's biography and truly showed da Vinci's genious, "so great was his genius, and such its growth, that to whatever difficulties he turned his mind, he solved them with ease." (Vasari) A genius, according to dictionary.com, is an exceptional natural capacity of intellect, especially as shown in creative and original work in science, art, music. Leonardo had a vast capacity of intellect that did not only apply to art. He studied mathematics, music, and many different aspects of art. Leonardo studied art from the inside out, he even went to the extent of dissecting human bodies at night so he could understand how and why the human body looks the way it does. His body sketches are even used in medical books today. Leonardo was a genius and worked very hard to achieve that title. His passion for learning new things is what makes him a genius in many ways.

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The Lady with an Ermine. Digital image. Commons.wikimedia.org. Web. 12 May 2010. .
"The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Special Exhibitions." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 13 May 2010. .
Vasari, Giorgio. "Medieval Sourcebook: Giorgio Vasari: Life of Leonardo Da Vinci 1550." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 13 May 2010. .href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Lady_with_an_Ermine.jpg/439px-The_Lady_with_an_Ermine.jpg">

Writing like da Vinci

Da vinci wrote mirror images in his journals so that no one could decipher what he did and steal his ideas. The phrase there is "The greatest gifts are often seen, in the course of nature, rained by celestial influences on human creatures" from the beginning of his biography by Giorgi Vasari

Leonardo da Vinci

• scientist and artist
• move to Florence with his father at 12
• became an apprentice in Verrocchio's( an artist) studio
• da Vinci also studied linear perspective created by Brunalleschi
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